Energy Pact Conference, Energy pact foundation, Genève, Geneva, Conference, Energy, environment, development

Increasing complexity, with an average of three investment treaties concluded per week. Questions about the extent of investor protection and the need for enabling environment and policy clarity in many countries. Given ICCs long-standing partnership with UNCTAD on investment issues I would also profile the upcoming Guidelines for International Investment that ICC is developing for 2012 which would help building common ground and understanding, and provide more clarity, predictability and transparency for companies investing across borders. My comments would also be in the framework of how to structure investment to move towards a low-carbon green economy as presented in the Systemic Conditions for transition to a Green Economy we will shortly release for Rio+20. Finally I would highlight the role of the G20 (and business as a partner) to spearhead the push to cooperative global solutions on these issues.

Carlos Busquets is Policy Manager for the ICC Commission on Environment and Energy. He is responsible for international policy matters related to climate change, sustainable development, energy and water.
Mr Busquets possesses extensive expertise in the policy and practice of international economics with a diverse background in both the public and private sector. Throughout his career, he has advocated and represented business views in varied international forums.
As a former international trade negotiator for the US Department of Commerce, Mr Busquets participated in the negotiation and implementation of bilateral and regional agreements in the Western Hemisphere. More recently he spent time at the OECD Trade Directorate analysing issues related to trade and environment, trade facilitation, and internationalization for small- and medium-sized enterprises. In addition to his experience in governmental and international institutions, Mr. Busquets began his career in the private sector with Mattel Toys working on international issues from the perspective of a large multi-national firm. Mr Busquets has a Master of Arts degree in International Political Economy from American University in Washington DC and a Bachelor of Arts in International Studies from the University of South Florida. He is fluent in English, Spanish and French.

This event has chosen a subject of profound importance for the world. The dynamics of energy markets are increasingly driven by emerging economies rising middle classes with growing consumption ensures greater resource use and increased competition for all basic resources. Energy access is a serious political as well as economical issue. Climate Change amplifies risk across the world, and in places where water and food resources are scarce, famine, migration and social unrest threaten peace and security – the mandate of the United Nations. We need to look for answers in resource productivity. The innovation required to develop a greener economy will bring huge opportunity to emerging powers for producer nations as a natural "hedge" from high to low carbon, and for nations exposed to high cost inputs the prize is greater independence and flexibility.

Recent reports from IEA and Mckinsey display the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve resource productivity. We need to rethink the use of Government in delivery solutions to global public goods problems. Subsidies, competitiveness, infrastructure investments all need to fit inside a new structure of ideas. The Green Climate Fund, Development Bank lending, a specialized delivery mechanisms must reward climate risk reduction, increased resilience and resource efficiency.

James Cameron is an executive Vice Chairman of Climate Change Capital of which he was one of the founding members. He is a main board member and represents the firm at the highest levels of business and government. James is a member of GE's ecomagination board, Pepsico UK's advisory board, chairman of the World Economic Forum's Agenda Council on Climate Change, a trustee member of the UK Green Building Council and of the Carbon Disclosure Project, a member of the Prime Minister's Business Advisory Group and was a member of the Green Investment Bank Commission. He is also a member of the High Level Advisory Committee to the World Congress on Justice, Governance and Law for Environmental Sustainability organised by the United Nations Environment Programme.
James is a pre-eminent expert in developing policy responses to climate change. Prior to CCC he was Counsel to Baker & McKenzie and was the founder and the head of their Climate Change and Clean Energy Practice. James has spent much of his legal career working on climate change matters, including negotiating the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol as an adviser to the Alliance of Small Island States.
He has held academic positions at Cambridge, London, Bruges and Sydney and is currently affiliated with the Yale Centre for Environmental Law and Policy. As a barrister he appeared in several of the leading cases in international and environmental law. James is also a member of Oxfam's development board, a senior advisor to the Climate Group, chairman of China Dialogue, a member of the development board at the University of Oxford's Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment and most recently a member of the High Level International Advisory Committee to the World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability.

Demand for energy continues its inexorable rise and governments have to meet that challenge by developing energy sources that are affordable, safe, satisfy the need to limit climate change and provide the country with security of supply. How all these priorities can be met is a key challenge for the future. Nuclear power has been part of that solution for many years, but in the light of the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident, some countries are reconsidering their use, while others have confirmed it. How will nuclear develop in the next decades is therefore an important debate.

To understand the current and potential role of nuclear power, it is important to see how it contributes to providing countries with security of supply, at an affordable price and in a secure manner. This presentation will consider the safety, economics and environmental performance of nuclear globally, while considering what role it might play in the future in comparison with other energy sources and what are the challenges it must face to be a long term energy source.

Dr Ron Cameron is Head of the Nuclear Development Division of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, which provides advice to 30 member governments on policy and strategic issues related to all aspects of nuclear power development and the nuclear fuel cycle. Previously, he held senior roles at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization. He has over 30 years of experience in nuclear science and technology in the UK, Australia and with the IAEA, involving both power and research reactors. He has had extensive involvement in nuclear policy advice, international affairs and strategic planning.

With energy demand in emerging economies booming, it is evermore important to intensify the dialogue between the sustainable community and leaders of emerging economies. My hope is that the 2011 EnergyPact Conference will be a turning point in this process – and conclude with a clear signal to Rio+20 conveners that the developing world intends to play a key role in the multilateral fight against climate change.

Petko Draganov assumed his functions as the Deputy Secretary-General of UNCTAD on 1 May 2009, following his appointment by the United Nations Secretary-General.
Mr. Draganov was born and educated in Sophia, before receiving an M.A. in International Law from the Moscow State Institute for International Relations. Mr. Draganov began his diplomatic career in the Information Department of the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs working largely on African affairs. From 1993 to 1998 he was Ambassador to South Africa, Namibia and Botswana, and in 1998 was appointed as the Permanent Representative of Bulgaria to the UN and other International Organizations in Geneva.
From 2001 to 2005, Mr. Draganov was the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria, in charge of multilateral diplomacy, development, disarmament and European integration issues. He also served as Chairman of the National Commission on UNESCO, Alternate Representative of the Republic of Bulgaria to the UN Security Council and Special Representative of the Chairman-in-Office of the OSCE to Moldova.
Mr. Draganov served a second term as Bulgaria's Permanent Representative in Geneva from 2005 to 2008, and in 2008 was President of UNCTAD's Trade and Development Board. In that capacity he contributed to the successful outcome of UNCTAD XII, chairing the UNCTAD XII Preparatory Committee and Committee of the Whole.

In the wake of the current financial crisis with limited access to credit markets and certainty about the profitability and bankability of projects, transition towards a more sustainable global economy can only be achieved through the collaboration and partnership of both private/public actors. The Energypact UNCTAD conference acts as an important vehicle towards fostering partnership and working towards the achievement of more sustainable development.

In today’s fast-changing and interconnected global economy, it is becoming increasingly urgent to improve international cooperation in addressing the major challenges of the future. Our capacity to adapt to and overcome these challenges is being increasingly compromised by climate change and environmental degradation. IUCN is committed to achieving sustainability, and sees this conference as a timely opportunity to further explore and advance the solutions needed to catalyze the necessary transition to a green economy. This transition will not be possible without the active engagement of all sectors of social and economic activity across all five continents. Emerging economies, in particular, will have a key role to play in setting a new course for development and in making the economy of the future a more resilient and sustainable one. IUCN welcomes the opportunity to contribute to this challenging task, and looks forward to collaborating with the global leaders convened at the Energypact UNCTAD conference in building the momentum needed to transition to a truly green world economy.

As the adverse impacts of climate change and environmental degradation are being increasingly felt around the world, our economies can no longer afford to wait for climate negotiators to agree on a way forward. Fortunately, many efforts are underway to drive the bold and far-reaching changes needed to achieve sustainable development, notably through the establishment of forward-looking strategies and action plans aiming to foster low-carbon development and growth. De-carbonizing our economies is a critical step forward, but it is just one piece of the broader challenge to improve the sustainability of our relationship with all of our planet’s precious natural resources. For a green economy transition to be truly green, it needs to aim to make natural capital the fundamental building block upon which our economic development is based. Only by empowering societies so that they can thrive on the sustainable supply of critical goods and services provided by nature will we be able to build a truly equitable, resilient, and sustainable economy.

Poul Engberg-Pedersen is a 57 year old Danish citizen, with a PhD in political science and development studies. He joined the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN , at its headquarters in Gland, Switzerland on 16 May 2011.
From 2005 to 2010, Poul Engberg-Pedersen was Director General of Norad, the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation which is a directorate under the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He led the transformation of Norad from an implementing agency to a policy-supporting knowledge centre for Norway’s large and ambitious development cooperation. This included its global initiatives on biodiversity, rain forests, climate change and clean energy.
Prior to this Poul has also worked for the United Nations on refugee issues in Africa, and for the World Bank on governance and anti-corruption. Between 1994 and 2002, he headed a Danish government research centre on development. Earlier, he worked on environmental management and development effectiveness for a Danish consultancy company. Achieving results on the ground has been his ambition throughout his career, starting in Ethiopia in 1977.

This conference is timely and discussing a very important subject.It is timely because it is organized a few days from COP 17 in Durban and nearly seven months from a very important conference in Brazil (Rio+20). It can add input to both these important events and allow discussion of various topics that cannot be adequately dealt with in Durban and Rio due to time constraint.The conference is dealing with the emerging economies approach to "Green Economy" which is currently the most important issue pursued by UNEP, UNCTAD, ICC, BASD and many developed and developing countries. Green Economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication has been declared a priority theme of the United Nations conference on Sustainable Development in 2012.

Dolf Gielen is the director for innovation and technology at the International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA. He has worked for twenty years in energy policy advice for organisations such as IEA and UNIDO. In recent years he managed large international technology deployment programmes in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy in countries such as India, Ukraine and Russia. Mr Gielen has a PhD from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands.

By 1990 non-fossil plants generated 36% of the worldwide supply (nuclear 17%, hydro 18% and others 1%). Last year, non-fossil plants generated only 32 % of the worldwide supply (nuclear 13%, hydro 16 % and others 3%). Taking into account this evolution one can have two readings:

Nuclear energy is a decreasing share of the energy mix and therefore due to the potential risks (safety, proliferation, ageing plants, waste, etc.) it’s worth to progressively ban the use of nuclear energy in the world.
Between 1990 and 2010, in spite of a limited growth of installed capacity, nuclear reactors generated 765 TWh more (hydro +1266 TWh, other renewable sources + 577 TWh, fossil plants +6856 TWh). Nuclear energy is not the sole solution to fight the climate change but it is one of the scarce tools available now for a limited number of countries having the necessary requirements (education, legal environment, financial ability, political stability, etc.).

The French nuclear reactors: report to the French Prime Minister (2000)
Nuclear investments and markets (2004) WEC 2004
Sunburn-Sunset: two scenarios for worldwide nuclear energy (2006) Global Chance

The growth of emerging markets has been nothing short of staggering these last few years, which is why it is equally important to embrace green tech solutions. A growing population and infrastructure puts significant strain on our limited resources and it is time we adopted alternative methods of growth.

Dubai has established a number of green technology implementations over the last couple of years. With Proof of concept being established across various industries, Dubai is slowly making its mark in the greentech world. David Harris will provide a brief overview of how green technology can not only help the environment but save money and enhance efficiency.

David is a veteran of the logistics industry with over 33 years of experience including 16 years in the Middle East. He has held several senior positions with some of the leading organisations in the region.
In his role as Director of International Logistics Services at Dubai FDI, David assists in providing impartial advice and support to organisations aiming to establish their operations in Dubai to serve local, regional and international markets offering assistance during the full investment cycle.
David has a wealth of experience assisting business start-ups and offering consultancy services for businesses seeking to enter the Middle East markets, specifically for Dubai.

Emerging economies are clearly going to be the engines of growth for the global economy over the coming decades and as such their energy needs are set to grow dramatically. In the context of the environment, decisions these countries make will therefore be vital in determining whether a greener economy can be developed and if so how. Energy importing countries can establish policies to increase demand for greener energy sources, while energy exporting countries can begin to adjust their supply portfolios towards a more environmentally friendly portfolio of products. The transition for these latter countries is unlikely to be easy, however, especially if they are hydrocarbon producers, and as such this conference can provide a vital forum for the discussion of realistic and practical contributions that emerging economies can make towards the drive for a greener global economy.

In the drive to create a greener economy government policy has focussed on the promotion of carbon-free sources of energy such as wind and solar at the expense of fossil fuels. However, as the costs of this policy shift are being fully exposed, so gas is re-emerging as a potential transition fuel and perhaps even a realsitic base load fuel in a greener world. In such an environment Russia provides a prime example of how emerging economies can help in the transition to a green economy. Domestically Russia's main contribution to reducing carbon emissions can be in increased energy efficiency, reducing excessive demand and curbing watse such as gas flaring. In a supply and export context, Russia can provide a foundation of secure export sales to East and West, and can encourage a more competitive environment for gas supply to ensure that this is provided at a price which continues to encourage a demand shift away from coal and in some instances oil. However, Russia is unlikely to promote technologies that develop energy sources that would undermine gas, given the importance of the fuel to its domestic economy.

Dr. James Henderson has been working in the oil and gas industry as an investment banker, consultant and commercial manager for the past 25 years, and has been analysing the Russian energy industry from a business and academic perspective for the past 15 years. He is cureently Head of Russia at Lambert Energy Advisory, a strategic energy advisory boutique based in London, and is also a Senior Visiting Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, where he has published a book on the Russian Gas Industry as well as a number of working papers on the Russian Energy Sector.

Mumtaz Khan is the founder of Middle East & Asia Capital Partners (MEACP) and CEO of Maybank MEACP Pte Ltd. Mr. Khan is a recognized leader in private equity in both the Middle East and Asia. He was a key person in establishing the US$730 million Islamic Development Bank Infrastructure Fund (IDB Fund) and served as Chairman and CEO of EMP Bahrain, the general partner and manager of the IDB Fund, for nine years. Mr. Khan served as a Managing Director at EMP Global in Washington D.C. and for three years was based in Hong Kong as a Managing Director for the US$1.1 billion AIG Asian Infrastructure Fund. Prior to that, Mr. Khan was with IFC for 14 years and served as Resident Representative based in Jakarta, where he was responsible for investments in Indonesia and initiated the first foreign direct investment in Astra for IFC. Mr. Khan also served as a Manager in IFC’s Asia Department responsible for investments in East Asia. He pioneered
IFC’s program in China through extensive engagement with state owned entities in China and the Ministry of Finance. Mr. Khan started his career as an engineer in the oil industry in the Middle East and Pakistan. Mr. Khan is on the Board of Directors of Akfen Holding S.A. inTurkey and he served on the Board of Directors of Advanced Polypropylene Company in Saudi Arabia, an Alternate Director on the Board of Directors of YTL Power and as a Director of AirAsia in Malaysia, TAV in Turkey, AES Oasis and Saudi International Petrochemical Company. Mr. Khan serves as Economic Advisor to the World Islamic Economic Forum and is a founder shareholder of the Islamic Bank of Asia.

The climate change issue is now at a crucial point after the huge change that happened in Copenhagen. The "common but differentiated responsibility" concept that has largely driven the process up to now by separating the roles of developed and developing countries, is presently taking a new profile. Emerging countries and a group of other fast growing countries named here "the 3Gs", although not ready to be constrained by a top down process, are realizing that their growth prospects enable them to green their growth and make a positive contribution to the collective emissions reduction action. The pledges announced two years ago are becoming reality and this reality is a proof of this "new deal". It seems worth for the international community to recognize such a platform of countries and to strengthen collective efforts for the greening of its members’ growth to occur (through increasing use of cost-effective /energy efficient technologies), given the absolute and relative size of their energy needs. Indeed, better understanding of what their effort in this direction is and how it can be fostered through cooperation with developed countries in the framework of voluntary deals might be more fruitful than going on trying to design differentiated emissions reduction obligations for all countries in a top-down approach. For this cooperative approach to work, 3Gs and developed countries must accept to implement the emissions monitoring, verification and reporting mechanisms deemed necessary to ensure the effectiveness of emissions reductions and conditioning 3Gs countries’ access to multilateral financial and technological support schemes (like the Green Climate Fund and the Technology Mechanism), built under the recent accords. Developed countries are important potential contributors as regards building capacity in green energy solutions engineering and operation.

The key stake (for all countries) is to reconcile climate protection and development. To this effect, it is necessary to take into account the economic maturity of technologies.

Framework

(i)   The notion of energy mix is key: there is no miracle technology; all technologies have advantages and drawbacks; a range of carbon-free and low-carbon technologies needs to be used in the decades to come.

(ii)  There are two groups of green growth technologies: 1. As of now mature and competitive or quasi-competitive carbon-free or low-carbon technologies; 2. Promising technologies, still expensive and/or needing further RD&D

What to do?

(i)   For each technology, meet the necessary conditions for its successful implementation; have in mind that, without breakthrough in electricity storage, the solidarity brought by electricity networks will remain necessary, which highlights the interest of smart grids;

(ii)   Device national public policies that allow to deploy upstream as well as downstream the right technologies at the right place at the right moment: notably support to mass deployment for mature or quasi-mature technologies vs. calibrated RD&D support to promising technologies

(iii)  Implement international cooperation to ensure the implementation of available low carbon technologies like large hydro in developing countries and accelerate the arrival to maturity of promising technologies like CCS;

(iv)   Understand that, if electricity is a large part of the problem, it can also be at the heart of the solution, both upstream and downstream, as demonstrated by quite a number of recent studies

Graduated from the French "National School for Studies in Statistics & Economic Administration (ENSAE) before obtaining a PhD in Mathematics and a PhD in management. He is a holder of "Legion of Honour" (the highest medal in France) as well as a decoration for services to Education in France. As Senior Vice-President, Corporate Strategy, within the EDF Group since September 2008, he notably is in charge of the process by which the Group elaborates and monitors the implementation of its strategic orientations.A University professor holding the Chair "Economics & Management of the Firm" at CNAM (the French National Institute for Science, Technology and Management), he acted there as Dean for Business & Economic Studies (44000 students yearly) and founded and developed CNAM’s International Institute of Management (he then signed and monitored agreements with several Asian universities including Renmin and Wu Da Universities in China and Rai University in India) between 1996 and 2008. His last book is entitled"Business Management: Principles and Best Practices".
Raymond Leban has in parallel developed a more than 20 year experience as an expert in "regulation and management of network services businesses (electricity, gas, water and postal services), notably working for the World Bank, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), the French Parliamentary Office for Technology Assessment and the French Anti-trust Authority. As an Associate to WBCSD, he managed the research project "Powering a sustainable future" from 2005 to 2008.

Cities have a crucial responsibility in meeting international goals, national objectives and local needs that promote the RIO+ 20 agenda. It is necessary to reconsider the construction of housing and urban development in a broad environmental, economic, social and political context that explicitly accounts for health, environmental justice and equity.

Building and managing a city involves choosing between a range of options in order to achieve numerous objectives. This paper argues that it is necessary to reconsider the construction of housing and urban development in a broad environmental, economic, social and political context that explicitly accounts for health, environmental justice and equity. Prior to the conclusion, the author suggests and illustrates a few innovative approaches in several European countries. Hopefully, these kinds of contributions will serve as a catalyst for many more innovative projects in the near future.

Roderick Lawrence is Professor at the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. He is head of the Human Ecology Group at the Institute of Environmental Sciences. He has a Bachelor’s Degree (First Class Honours) from the University of Adelaide, a Master of Letters from the University of Cambridge and a Doctorate of Science from the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. His research interests include interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary contributions to deal with complex environmental questions, human ecology, sustainable development, participatory approaches for land-use planning, and health and quality of life in cities. He is Director of the Certificate of Advanced Studies in Sustainable Development as well as the Global Environmental Policy Programme (GEPP) at the University of Geneva. Since 1997, he has been an Associate Member of the New York Academy of Sciences.

"This Event is very timely. The world needs a practical, non dogmatic approach on how to deal with expanding energy needs, while safeguarding the environment. Lack of affordable, clean energy is the number one stumbling block to sustainable development in emerging economies, while energy represents an increasing cost and a growing environmental challenge for developed countries. This Conference provides an ideal forum for all stakeholders representing diverse constituencies to meet with policy makers and look at what is available now (fossil fuels, renewable sources) and consider what may be the most appropriate mix, depending on specific circumstances".

An expert in international economic development & investment and trade promotion, Mr. Von Schirach has 17 years experience in the field. He focuses specifically on capacity building in investment promotion institutions, strategic planning, regional integration issues, and trade promotion strategies for projects sponsored by USAID, EU Commission, United Nations Development Program (UNDP), World Bank Group, and international businesses. His background also includes experience in project planning and management, project monitoring & evaluation, private sector development, trade development, economic planning, industrialization, and public-private partnerships. In his recent role as Economic and Trade Specialist with AVANZ International, Mr. Von Schirach served as senior team member on the Mid-Term Review of the EU-South Africa Country Strategy (2007-2013), the world’s largest foreign assistance program directed at South Africa. As Team Leader and Senior Investment Expert for the EuropeAid Co-operation Office (EC), Mr. Von Schirach worked with the Zambia Development Agency (ZDA), and organized 9 Provincial Workshops on national investment and trade strategies in Zambia. He also developed and maintained relationships with local public officials and private sector stakeholders at the provincial and district level, analyzed and prioritized foreign direct investment (FDI) strategies and trade opportunities, and provided new benchmarks for an improved investment climate.
Mr. Von Schirach is familiar with all aspects of USAID regulations, having served as a Team Leader and Senior Trade Expert on USAID’s COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) Rules of Origin Project in Zambia, and as Senior Investment & Business Development Specialist for USAID on the Information & Communication Technology (ICT) Project located in Egypt. Mr. Von Schirach has a detailed understanding of project design, is experienced with multi-donor funding mechanisms, and is familiar with donor regulations and policies. He excels at managing goal-coordination teams for work with the EuropeAid Co-operation Office (EC), USAID, World Bank Group, and the UN system. Mr. Von Schirach has an in depth understanding of technical assistance evaluation issues, country ownership, program sustainability, assessment of institutional capacity, financial sustainability, policy support and overall program coherence. He is familiar with regional and bilateral trade agreements (including World Trade Organization (WTO) Accession) and investment promotion and trade-related technical assistance needs for very low income countries. He has extensive field experience in countries such as Egypt, Mozambique, Zambia, Cambodia, and Bangladesh. Mr. Von Schirach has taught graduate courses at Georgetown University on International Development and PPPs. He holds a "Dottorato" in political science from the University of Pisa, Italy, an M.Sc. in international relations from The London School of Economics, an M.A degree in government from Georgetown University in Washington DC (where he was a Fulbright Scholar and Fellow) and a Diploma in political science from the Sant' Anna School of Advanced Studies in Pisa, Italy

Infrastructure, the physical fabric by which a society organizes itself, is sometimes taken for granted but in fact is a major determinant of quality of life and driver of growth – especially in our rapidly-growing cities. The challenge today is to sustain economic development without further ruining our environment and climate or running out of energy.
At the same time, we must devise new ways to mobilize investment in the infrastructure needed, and do so at a time when our financial markets are under tremendous pressure and the massive debts of the last credit bubble need to be cleared.This conference will surely be a solid contribution to the global debate on these problems, and will generate new ideas, new actions and new mechanisms to solve them.

Mr. Lufkin has founded, managed and sold several successful institutional investment and financial businesses operating in markets ranging from currencies, futures and capital markets in NY and London, to private equity and property in Asia. He has been a consultant to numerous international financial institutions over the past 30 years, including the Asian Development Bank (ADB) since 1998, working with privatizations, private equity, infrastructure, energy, and climate-related investment funds, as well as project advisory services for public-sector agencies in Asia. A Yale graduate (BA 1976), Mr. Lufkin worked at Sotheby’s and Christie’s in London and New York before entering banking. He is a director of Infrastructure Finance Corporation Ltd., Industrial Finance Corporation Ltd., and Origination Capital Ltd., and co-founder and first president of the International Institute for Investment in Infrastructure & Climate (i4C), a Swiss foundation based in Geneva.

Ms. Anne Miroux started her United Nations career in 1979 in New-York in the UN Centre on Transnational Corporations and was involved inter alia in the negotiations on the Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations. Ms. Miroux then joined UNCTAD where she served in a number of positions, including as Chief of the Banking and Insurance Unit in the Division on Services Infrastructure and Trade Efficiency; Chief of the Investment Trends and Data Analysis Section in the Division on Investment, Technology and Enterprise and Chief of the Investment Analysis Branch in the same Division (now DIAE). She was for several years the team leader of the UNCTAD flagship report, the World Investment Report. At present, Ms. Miroux is Director of the Division on Technology and Trade Logistics (DTL) in UNCTAD. DTL includes a number of technical assistance programmes and activities, among which is ASYCUDA (Automated System for Customs Data), the largest technical assistance programme of UNCTAD.
Ms. Miroux holds an MBA (Diplome de l Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales- HEC, France), a Master in political sciences (Institut d'Etudes Politiques- IEP Paris) and a PhD in Economics (Paris I - Sorbonne).

Infrastructure is still today regarded as fundamentally a public sector investment. Primarily, as infrastructure is the very back bone of every nation, government’s must lead the policy and development of the same, as, without proper infrastructure there can be no development of social, health and economic benefit for a nation. However, today’s challenge is: how to finance such investment (when so many nation’s are struggling with financing development) ; and how to ensure ‘clean’ infrastructure programmes (which many developing nations see as a luxury and a reaction to the excess of the developed and large manufacturing economies). The challenge is to balance these objectives and fundamentally seek private sector involvement- how do we encourage and harness private sector financing and operational development excellence in global infrastructure?

Infrastructure development models
The rise and rise of PPP in infrastructure
Privatization vs PPP
Which infrastructure should be developed by government and which infrastructure should be developed by the private sector.

Ranjit has over 21 years of experience in the corporate, investment banking and strategic advisory sectors. This experience has been principally in the areas of privatisation advisory to governments, debt and equity capital markets advisory to corporates, and in infrastructure restructuring and financing to both corporates and governments. Ranjit runs his own advisory firm which has recently relocated from London to Singapore given the infrastructure development requirement in this region.
Ranjit qualified as a Barrister in London before moving into investment banking in fixed income origination and execution at Nomura Securities in 1990. At UBS in 1994, he was initially in equity capital markets and later in corporate finance. Ranjit joined ABN AMRO in 1998, and became their Global Head of Industrials, and concurrently their Global Head of Transport & Infrastructure. He also served on ABN AMRO Group’s Management Committee for Investment Banking and Global Industrial clients. Over 13 years in the London in investment banking, Ranjit has advised on transactions globally totalling more than US$50 billion. Since establishing Urban Strategic in 2003, Ranjit has advised on infrastructure transactions, predominantly in Asia with a value in excess of $5-10 billion.
Ranjit led many of the landmark aviation & infrastructure advisories globally in the last 14 years, examples being: China’s privatisation of Beijing Capital International Airport by way of a combined cornerstone strategic stake sale of 10% to Aeroports de Paris and the subsequent IPO process on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2000 (the first transaction of its kind in the infrastructure sector); GMR Group (the largest Indian infrastructure conglomerate in India) on winning the bid for Delhi International Airport’s privatisation in 2005/6, and its subsequent US$2.3bn financing for its development and major expansion into a 35 million passengers annual capacity gateway airport into India; GMR Group bid for operating Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport PPP; the GMR Group US$620m financing for the greenfield development of Hyderabad International Airport in 2006-2007, which GMR built in just 30 months; GMR Group’s bid for InterGen, one of the world’s leading independent power producers with a total gross capacity of 8,080 MW. GMR was awarded Infrastructure Journal’s "Infrastructure Deal of the Year" in 2008 for the acquisition of InterGen. Ranjit has also been involved in advising from the time of the UK government’s energy privatisation efforts, and later on in the mid-1990s in the UK electricity industry advising on the takeover bids of Northern Electric and South West Electricity Board, by Trafalgar House/Jardine Matheson and Southern Electric of Georgia respectively. Ranjit advised in the oil and gas sector when in 1998 in South Africa, he advised Engen on its takeover bid by Petronas of Malaysia
Ranjit holds a Bachelor of Laws (LLB, Hons) from the University of London and a Masters of Law (BCL) from the University of Oxford. Ranjit was a barrister and was called to the Bar of England and Wales in 1989 at the Middle Temple.

Sub national authorities stand for 75 % of potential mitigation and adaptation measures including energy efficiency, clean transport, production of renewable energy, green jobs …. There is a need to support developing and emerging regions and cities to design their proper projects and then access the investors to implement these projects. UNDP TACC and R20 mission are now working on the required deal flow.

Christophe NUTTALL, 50 years old, has an engineer degree in ecology and a PHD in geography in the field of development. After having worked in the field in Senegal, at space engineer at CNES (French spatial Agency) then a scientific advisor within the French ministry of foreign affairs, where he contributed to launch the Mitterrand – Kohl’s Arch Summit initiative on the Observatory of Sahel and Sahara he then joined the United Nations Systems: UNITAR and later UNDP.

He has been in charge of developing partnership with sub national authorities. He has developed a number of initiatives among which the Territorial approach to Climate change which aims at charting a new low-carbon route to development at sub national level. This initiative is now supported by different UN programmes and agencies, with a number of associations of regions and coalition of the private sector such as the World Energy Council, the International Chamber of Commerce ….

He will soon join as Executive Director, the R20 organization set up by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to continue world wide his Green Economy Action he successfully started in California.

Supachai Panitchpakdi began his second four-year term as Secretary-General of UNCTAD on 1 September 2009, following his unanimous confirmation by the UN General Assembly.

Born in Bangkok, Dr. Supachai attended school there before receiving his Master's Degree in Econometrics, Development Planning and his Ph.D. in Economic Planning and Development at the Netherlands School of Economics (now known as Erasmus University) in Rotterdam.

In 1973, Dr. Supachai completed his doctoral dissertation on Human Resource Planning and Development under the supervision of Prof. Jan Tinbergen, the first Nobel laureate in economics.

Dr. Supachai began his professional career at the Bank of Thailand in 1974, and in 1986 was elected to the Thai Parliament and appointed Deputy Minister of Finance. In 1988, he was appointed Director and Advisor, and subsequently President, of the Thai Military Bank. In 1992, Dr. Supachai was appointed Senator, and that same year he became Deputy Prime Minister, entrusted with oversight of the country's economic and trade policy-making. In 2001, he was appointed Visiting Professor at the International Institute for Management Development in Lausanne. He has published a number of books, including Globalization and Trade in the New Millennium (2001) and China and WTO: Changing China, Changing World Trade (2002, co-authored with Mark Clifford).

Dr. Supachai previously served as Director-General of the World Trade Organization (September 2002 to August 2005).

The prevailing economic conditions are poised to be a severe challenge to the global commitment to sustainable development and fighting climate change. The upcoming COP17 session in Durban and the "Rio + 20" Conference on Sustainable Development scheduled for next year represent opportunities to reaffirm this commitment. But this means understanding the nature of the options and the investment choices that we need to make in order to create an optimal energy mix. The timing and coverage of the EnergyPact-UNCTAD Conference is thus apt!

The need for a balanced approach to different technologies and in the context of a global strategy – the GDF SUEZ experienceThe impact of technological improvements translated into economic terms – synthesis of research.Promoting access to sustainable energy solutions on a global scale.

Amit Pathare is an experienced energy/utilities sector executive, having worked across Europe, N. & S. America, India and East Asia over the past 15 years. He is currently based in Brussels in the Strategy & Sustainable Development division of GDF SUEZ, and leads the teams responsible for analysis/oversight of investment economics and markets for the UK, Iberia, Scandinavia, North and Latin America. His past work spans stints in management consulting and industry, and covers the areas of Strategy, Governance, Regulatory policy, M&A transactions, Legal arbitrations, Operations and Risk Management. Amit has Masters degrees in Chemical Engineering (IIT Bombay) and Public Policy (Harvard Kennedy School), and is a Certified Energy Manager (Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Govt of India). He is married with two children.

Our society will depend crucially on uninterrupted and differentiated energy supply. Major new steps have to be taken in order to avoid potential geo-political and price vulnerability.
In order to reconcile sustainable development and economic growth with the threat of environmental decay, only two main forms of primary energy ere accessible, namely solar both direct or indirect (like wind and hydro) and nuclear. But neither solar nor nuclear are todays energies: radically new solutions are required, relaying on truly innovative scientific and technological developments.
The main open question is if mankind will reach promptly enough the common political will to act in front of these dangers and be capable to understand and assess the conditions necessary for avoiding the menaces. These are global problems that humanity is poorly equipped to handle. The coherent exploitation of human capital of the most educated societies is the decisive factor. In a world in which numerical growth may become decoupled from a more radical scientific and technological innovation, it is unclear if humanity will take up the challenge of qualitative growth or if it may instead evolve in a pattern of slower development that could become stagnant and decay. Only through a concentrated and coordinated effort, leadership can be targeted and the objectives of creating a new energy scenario in which high quality employment opportunities and a better quality of life can be met.

Carlo Rubbia graduated in Physics at Scuola Normale of Pisa and Columbia University (USA). Since 1961 he has been working at CERN, Geneva. From 1972 to 1989 he has held the Higgins Professorship of Physics at Harvard University. He was appointed Director General of CERN in 1989 for a five years’ mandate. From 1999 to 2005 he was the President of the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA). He is currently principal Scientific Adviser of the Spanish Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), and a member of the high-level Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change set up by EU's President in 2007. Since March 2009 he is Special Adviser for Energy to the Secretary General of ECLAC, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America, based in Santiago (Chile). Rubbia is noted for his work in high-energy physics using the considerable accelerator capacity of CERN. In 1984 Rubbia shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Simon van der Meer in 1984 "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction". During the 1990s Rubbia proposed the concept of an energy amplifier (ADS) – a novel and safe way of producing unlimited nuclear energy from natural thorium exploiting present-day accelerator technologies. More recently, he developed a novel method for concentrating solar power at high temperatures for energy production, known as the Archimedes Project, which is presently being developed by industry for commercial use.

As the world struggles to recover from a financial crisis, cities -- particularly fast-growing ones in the developing world -- will have to drive future economic growth despite an approaching resource limit and the resultant increase in energy prices. Urban configuration is key. Cities' inherent agglomeration advantages provide the significant opportunity for them to decouple growth and wellbeing from environmental degradation. But they need to know how. This conference presents the perfect forum for sharing experiences on what cities around the world can and have done to leverage their assets for sustainable growth.

To better respond to the needs of fast-growing, intermediate-sized cities in the developing world, UN-Habitat proposes a series of urban patterns that will help these cities transition to a green economy. Focused on urban ecosystems, density, infrastructure and enterprises, the aim is to help city-regions strengthen their spatial planning strategies for more sustainable configurations. Cities in the developing world have the advantage of transitioning early, before they are locked into inefficient patterns.

Andrew Rudd is a Human Settlements Officer in the Urban Environment and Planning Branch of UN-Habitat in Nairobi. He serves as focal point for the agency’s green economy and cities and biodiversity initiatives and has represented UN-Habitat in the Environmental Management Group’s IMG on the Green Economy, the International Resource Panel’s Cities Working Group and the Global Partnership on Cities and Biodiversity. At UN-Habitat he also led a photographic investigation of rapidly-growing small cities and coordinated the agency’s participation in the Shanghai World Expo 2010. Prior to joining the UN he worked as an architect in New York. Mr Rudd studied architecture at Yale and City Design at LSE.

The Chief of UNEP’s Geneva-based Economics and Trade Branch. Dr. Stone holds a M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Resource Economics from Cornell University and has more than 20 years of professional experience in environmental and natural resource management. Prior to his position with UNEP, Dr. Stone worked for the Inter-American Development Bank in Jamaica and Ecuador as a Senior Environmental Specialist, and also in Honduras as IADB’s Country Representative. Dr. Stone has also contributed to large scale investments in natural resource management in Panama and Brazil, as well as capacity building and technical assistance in areas related to environmental economics. Prior to his positions at the IADB and UNEP, Dr. Stone also served with the World Bank and the Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazonia, IMAZON, a Brazilian think tank on issues related to the sustainable use of land and forestry resources.

Prof. Szymanski welcomes that a major conference has been dedicated to the extremely important - and timely - discussion on the relationship between energy, environment and green economies. This subject not only involves emerging and developing countries, but affects?all nations across the globe. A balanced and sustainable energy mix is crucial for tackling climate change, and must be addressed in depth and with urgency.

The energy challenges facing the EU are multiple: they range from ensuring energy sustainability and affordability, to the security of supply and improving and enhancing competiveness. In order to succeed the EU as a whole needs to maximise the use of a wide range of low-carbon energy sources and apply ambitious energy efficiency measures. The Commission intends to adopt?the "Energy Roadmap 2050" by the end of 2011, which will explore options for decarbonising the EU's energy system. The presentation aims to discuss some of the aforementioned topics.

Piotr Szymanski hails from Warsaw, Poland. He studied physics at Warsaw University, and went on to complete a PhD in experimental particle physics at the Institute for Nuclear Studies in Swierk, Poland. He worked as a research associate at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and as well as a Staff Member at the European Organization for Particle Physics (CERN) in Geneva. He holds a habilitation in physics and is the author or co-author of more than 200 scientific papers in various fields of particle physics. Prof. Szymanski is currently Director of Nuclear Safeguards at the European Commission in Luxembourg, which is responsible for the verification and inspection of the non-diversion of nuclear materials at all civil nuclear installations within the European Union.

The world’s energy matrix is probably the main strategic issue of the 21st century. There will be no progress in the fight against hunger and poverty, and no way of keeping acceptable welfare standards without sustainable economic growth. And this will not be possible without a huge revolution on the way we produce and consume energy. The emerging economies of the South, with their dynamic growth rates and growing energy consumption are part of the problem. But they can – and will – be part of the solution. This conference is a timely event in this moment of crisis and opportunities where the search for new ideas and paradigms has become an urgent task.

Professor at the Institut d’études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po). President of the Advisory Board of EUBrasil Association (Brussels). Member of the Board of Trustees of UNITAR (United Nations Institute for Training and Research). Senior Research Fellow at the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EU-ISS – Paris). Former Director of the Mercosur Chair of Sciences Po and former Coordinator of the Working Group on EU-Mercosur Negotiations and of the International Conference of Forte Copacabana on "Defense and Security European-South American Dialogue".
Journalist, columnist for Radio France International (RFI), he contributes regularly to CBN and BANDNEWS (Brazil). Former diplomatic and defense correspondent for the daily Libération (France). Member of the Editorial Board of the review Economia (Morocco). Founder and former member of the Editorial Board of the economic and geopolitical yearbook L’Etat du Monde (France).
He organizes and participates regularly in high-level conferences and workshops on international trade, regional integration, global diplomacy and security, Brazil and Latin America affairs. He has published extensively on these subjects.

Financial service is a significant component of the economic and social life. In dealing with global challenges ranging from financial crisis, climate change, income discrepancy to energy and food safety, sustainable finance plays an indispensable role. China Development Bank is the world's largest development finance institution and China's largest bank engaged in overseas investment and financing cooperation. It is our hope that social justice, economic fairness and ecological equilibrium would consist a bigger leverage in our future financial services.

Urbanization has been and will be the primary engines for economic and social development in China. To facilitate healthy urbanization, we must respect and follow the rule of urban development, recognize development constraints of resources, environment, institution and capital and provide sound solutions to ease the constraints. As a government’s institution devoted to development finance, China Development Bank plays a key role in promoting sustainable urbanization in China.

From 1990 till present, Wang Yuan has been engaged in professional areas of economic policy and financial regulation and operation, and has rich experience in macro-economic and financial policies, capital market development and financial regulation and supervision. From 1990 to 2006, Wang Yuan worked as the Economic Officer at the World Bank, Director of International Department of the Central Bank of China and China Policy Advisor in Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission. During the decade working for China Development Bank, she has worked on international finance, international exchange, training and development, etc. and made great effort to the development of global cooperation between CDB and its partner institutions. As the authoritative scholar of economy and finance, Wang Yuan is now the Chief Economist & Director General of Education & Training Department, who is responsible for the analysis of macro-economy, international financial market and relative policies as well as training & development.
Particularly, Wang Yuan has been taking the leading role in the social responsibility work of CDB. Because of her positive and continuous effort, the excellent performance of CDB in social responsibility was awarded by UN Global Compact and as the representative of CDB, she does not only make the mark on CSR work of CDB, but also participates in international dialogues in this area, including anti-corruption working group of UN and drafting work on Principles of Responsible Investment.